21st Century: New Horizons in Migraine Research and Treatment

Genetic Discoveries Research revealed that migraine has a strong genetic component. Certain forms of migraine, such as familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM), are linked to mutations in specific genes affecting ion channels and neurotransmission. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple genetic loci associated with increased

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The Discovery of Serotonin’s Role

In the 1950s and 60s, research uncovered that serotonin (5-HT), a neurotransmitter, played a critical role in migraine pathology. Low levels of serotonin during migraine attacks correlated with vascular and neurological symptoms. This discovery prompted the development of new pharmacological treatments targeting serotonin receptors. Modern Phar

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20th Century: Breakthroughs in Understanding and Treatment

Treatments in the 19th Century Treatment remained rudimentary. Physicians prescribed opium derivatives, bloodletting, and various herbal remedies. Caffeine was noted for its ability to relieve headaches, a discovery that later influenced modern treatments. Surgical interventions were attempted in some cases, but these were largely ineffective a

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18th and 19th Century: Scientific Exploration and Classification

The Renaissance and the Beginnings of Neurology The Renaissance (14th–17th centuries) revived interest in anatomy and physiology. Andreas Vesalius (1514–1564), through his detailed human dissections, challenged many ancient medical ideas. Although he did not specifically study migraine, this period laid the groundwork for understanding the bra

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