Genetic Discoveries
Research revealed that migraine has a strong genetic component. Certain forms of migraine, such as familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM), are linked to mutations in specific genes affecting ion channels and neurotransmission.
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple genetic loci associated with increased migraine risk.
CGRP and Targeted Therapies
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a neuropeptide involved in pain transmission and blood vessel dilation, has been identified as a key player in migraine.
New classes of medications—CGRP receptor antagonists (gepants) and monoclonal antibodies against CGRP or its receptor—have been developed as preventive treatments, offering hope for patients with chronic and severe migraines.
Non-Pharmacological Approaches
In addition to drugs, non-drug treatments have gained popularity:
- Neuromodulation devices: Techniques like transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and vagus nerve stimulation can reduce migraine frequency.
- Lifestyle modifications: Stress management, sleep hygiene, diet, and exercise are emphasized to prevent attacks.
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Helps patients manage triggers and cope with migraine-related disability. shutdown123